Bundorf MK, Wagner TH, Singer SJ, Baker LC. Who searches the web for well being info? Well being Serv Res. 2006;41:819–36.
Andreassen HK, Bujnowska-Fedak MM, Chronaki CE, Dumitru RC, Pudule I, Santana S, et al. European residents’ use of E-health providers: a research of seven international locations. BMC Public Well being. 2007;7:53.
Cacciamani GE, Bassi S, Sebben M, Marcer A, Russo GI, Cocci A, et al. Consulting “Dr. Google” for prostate most cancers therapy choices: a up to date worldwide development evaluation. Eur Urol Oncol. 2020;3:481–8.
Cacciamani GE, Dell’Oglio P, Cocci A, Russo GI, De Castro Abreu A, Gill IS, et al. Asking “Dr. Google” for a second opinion: the satan is within the particulars. Eur Urol Focus. 2021;7:479–81.
Cacciamani GE, Gill Ok, Gill IS. Internet search queries and prostate most cancers. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21:494–6.
Cacciamani GE, Stern MC, Medina LG, Gill Ok, Sotelo R, Gill IS. Most cancers consciousness crusades-pink ribbons and rising moustaches. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20:1491–2.
OpenAI. Introducing ChatGPT 2022 [updated November 30, 2022. Available from: https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt.
Ruby D. 30+ Detailed ChatGPT Statistics – Users & Facts 2023 [July 7, 2023]. Accessible from: https://www.demandsage.com/chatgpt-statistics/#:~:textual content=ChatGPTpercent20currentlypercent20haspercent201.16percent20billion,Februarypercent202023percent20topercent20Marchpercent202023.
Davis R, Eppler M, Ayo-Ajibola O, Loh-Doyle JC, Nabhani J, Samplaski M. et al. Evaluating the effectiveness of synthetic intelligence-powered massive language fashions utility in disseminating applicable and readable well being info in urology. J Urol. 2023;210:688–94. 101097ju0000000000003615.
Schardt D. ChatGPT is wonderful. However beware its hallucinations! 2023 [updated March 20, 2023. Available from: https://www.cspinet.org/blog/chatgpt-amazing-beware-its-hallucinations.
Brashier NM, Schacter DL. Aging in an era of fake news. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2020;29:316–23.
Rawla P. Epidemiology of prostate cancer. World J Oncol. 2019;10:63–89.
Temsah O, Khan SA, Chaiah Y, Senjab A, Alhasan K, Jamal A, et al. Overview of early ChatGPT’s presence in medical literature: insights from a hybrid literature review by ChatGPT and human experts. Cureus. 2023;15:e37281.
Eppler MB, Ganjavi C, Knudsen JE, Davis RJ, Ayo-Ajibola O, Desai A, et al. Bridging the gap between urological research and patient understanding: the role of large language models in automated generation of layperson’s summaries. Urol Pr. 2023;10:436–43.
Cocci A, Pezzoli M, Lo Re M, Russo GI, Asmundo MG, Fode M, et al. Quality of information and appropriateness of ChatGPT outputs for urology patients. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2024;27:103–8.
Eppler M, Ganjavi C, Ramacciotti LS, Piazza P, Rodler S, Checcucci E, et al. Awareness and use of ChatGPT and large language models: a prospective cross-sectional global survey in urology. Eur Urol. 2024;85:146–53.
Ganjavi C, Eppler MB, Ramacciotti LS, Cacciamani GE. Clinical patient summaries not fit for purpose: a study in urology. Eur Urol Focus. 2023;9:1068–71.
Shiely F, Daly A. Trial lay summaries were not fit for purpose. J Clin Epidemiol. 2023;156:105–12.
Lois A, Droullard D, Lee J, Flum D. Patient decision-making in symptomatic gallbladder disease. Surg Endosc. 2022;36:6271–7.
Lloyd JC, Yen T, Pietrobon R, Wiener JS, Ross SS, Kokorowski PJ, et al. Estimating utility values for vesicoureteral reflux in the general public using an online tool. J Pediatr Urol. 2014;10:1026–31.
Lee P, Bubeck S, Petro J. Benefits, limits, and risks of GPT-4 as an AI chatbot for medicine. N Engl J Med. 2023;388:1233–9.
Gabrielson AT, Odisho AY, Canes D. Harnessing generative AI to improve efficiency among urologists: welcome ChatGPT. Wolters Kluwer Philadelphia, PA. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003383.
Pan A, Musheyev D, Bockelman D, Loeb S, Kabarriti AE. Assessment of artificial intelligence chatbot responses to top searched queries about cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2023;9:1437–40.
Walters WH, Wilder EI. Fabrication and errors in the bibliographic citations generated by ChatGPT. Sci Rep. 2023;13:14045.
Qu RW, Qureshi U, Petersen G, Lee SC. Diagnostic and management applications of ChatGPT in structured otolaryngology clinical scenarios. OTO Open. 2023;7:e67.
Abi-Rafeh J, Xu HH, Kazan R, Tevlin R, Furnas H. Large language models and artificial intelligence: a primer for plastic surgeons on the demonstrated & potential applications, promises, and limitations of ChatGPT. Aesthetic Surg J. 2024;44:329–43.
Varas J, Coronel BV, VILLAGRáN I, Escalona G, Hernandez R, Schuit G, et al. Innovations in surgical training: exploring the role of artificial intelligence and large language models (LLM). Rev Col Bras Cir. 2023;50:e20233605.
Sallam M. ChatGPT utility in healthcare education, research, and practice: systematic review on the promising perspectives and valid concerns. Healthcare (Basel). 2023;11:887.
Musheyev D, Pan A, Loeb S, Kabarriti AE. How well do artificial intelligence chatbots respond to the top search queries about urological malignancies? Eur Urol. 2024;85:13–6.
Zhou Z, Wang X, Li X, Liao L. Is ChatGPT an evidence-based doctor? Eur Urol. 2023;84:355–6.
Talyshinskii A, Naik N, Hameed BZ, Zhanbyrbekuly U, Khairli G, Guliev B, et al. Expanding horizons and navigating challenges for enhanced clinical workflows: ChatGPT in urology. Front Surg. 2023;10:1257191.
Nedbal C, Naik N, Castellani D, Gahuar V, Geraghty R, Somani BK. ChatGPT in urology practice: revolutionizing efficiency and patient care with generative artificial intelligence. Curr Opin Urol. 2024;34:98–104.
Caglar U, Yildiz O, Meric A, Ayranci A, Gelmis M, Sarilar O, et al. Evaluating the performance of ChatGPT in answering questions related to pediatric urology. J Pediatr Urol. 2024;20:26.e1–26.e5.
Shah YB, Ghosh A, Hochberg AR, Rapoport E, Lallas CD, Shah MS, et al. Comparison of ChatGPT and Traditional Patient Education Materials for Men’s Health. Urol Pract. 2024;11:87–94.
Musheyev D, Pan A, Loeb S, Kabarriti AE. How well do artificial intelligence chatbots respond to the top search queries about urological malignancies? Eur Urol. 2024;85:13–6.
Song H, Xia Y, Luo Z, Liu H, Song Y, Zeng X, et al. Evaluating the performance of different large language models on health consultation and patient education in urolithiasis. J Med Syst. 2023;47:125.
Thia I, Saluja M. ChatGPT: is this patient education tool for urological malignancies readable for the general population? Res Rep Urol. 2024;16:31–7.
Gabriel J, Shafik L, Alanbuki A, Larner T. The utility of the ChatGPT artificial intelligence tool for patient education and enquiry in robotic radical prostatectomy. Int Urol Nephrol. 2023;55:2717–32.
Huo B, Cacciamani GE, Collins GS, McKechnie T, Lee Y, Guyatt G. Reporting standards for the use of large language model-linked chatbots for health advice. Nat Med. 2023;29:2988. 1-
Good Lay Summary Practice 2021 [Available from: https://health.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-10/glsp_en_0.pdf.
Fox S Health Online 2013 Pew Research Center2013 [Available from: https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2013/01/15/health-online-2013/.
Hopkins AM, Logan JM, Kichenadasse G, Sorich MJ. Artificial intelligence chatbots will revolutionize how cancer patients access information: ChatGPT represents a paradigm-shift. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2023;7:pkad010.
Di H, Wen Y. Will generalist medical artificial intelligence be the future path for health-related natural language processing models? Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2023:1–2.
Usage Policies [Available from: https://openai.com/policies/usage-policies.
Singhal K, Tu T, Gottweis J, Sayres R, Wulczyn E, Hou L, et al. Towards expert-level medical question answering with large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:230509617. 2023.
Cacciamani GE, Siemens DR, Gill I. Generative artificial intelligence in health care. J Urol. 2023;210:723–5.
Meskó B, Topol EJ. The imperative for regulatory oversight of large language models (or generative AI) in healthcare. npj Digit Med. 2023;6:120.
Baydoun A, Jia AY, Zaorsky NG, Kashani R, Rao S, Shoag JE, et al. Artificial intelligence applications in prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2024;27:37–45.
Morozov A, Taratkin M, Bazarkin A, Rivas JG, Puliatti S, Checcucci E, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of artificial intelligence diagnostic accuracy in prostate cancer histology identification and grading. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2023;26:681–92.
Alarcón-Zendejas AP, Scavuzzo A, Jiménez-Ríos MA, Álvarez-Gómez RM, Montiel-Manríquez R, Castro-Hernández C, et al. The promising role of new molecular biomarkers in prostate cancer: from coding and non-coding genes to artificial intelligence approaches. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2022;25:431–43.
Checcucci E, Rosati S, De Cillis S, Vagni M, Giordano N, Piana A, et al. Artificial intelligence for target prostate biopsy outcomes prediction the potential application of fuzzy logic. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2022;25:359–62.
